Monarch George V Name William Martin Nationality Canadian Party Liberal Party of Canada | Preceded by James Franklin Bole Education University of Toronto Preceded by Thomas Walter Scott Role Political figure | |
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Preceded by District was created in 1907 Born August 23, 1876
Norwich, Ontario ( 1876-08-23 ) Political party Liberal Party of Canada Died June 22, 1970, Regina, Canada Lieutenant governor Richard Stuart Lake, Henry William Newlands | ||
Succeeded by Charles Avery Dunning | ||
William Melville Martin (August 23, 1876 – June 22, 1970) served as the second Premier of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan from 1916 to 1922.
Martin was elected to the House of Commons for Regina in the 1908 Canadian federal election, and re-elected in 1911. In 1916, he entered provincial politics to take over the leadership of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party and become Premier. Martin, an outsider to provincial politics, was chosen by the Liberals in order to help distance them from allegations of corruption. Martin brought farmers' advocate Charles A. Dunning into the cabinet in an attempt to revitalise the Liberals, and instituted reforms to clean up the government. These changes were successful in cleansing the government's image, and Martin led the government to re-election in the 1917 election, winning 51 of 59 seats.
The United Farmers and Progressive movements were riding a national wave of agrarian discontent which undercut the Liberals across Canada, and threatened to engulf the Saskatchewan Liberals as well. Martin successfully attempted to embrace the populist movement by, in 1920, severing ties with the federal Liberal Party of Canada bringing in Dunning and also by recruiting another farm leader, federal Progressive MP John Archibald Maharg, into the government. The Liberals were able to resist the Progressive challenge in the 1921 election, which returned 46 Liberals to 6 Progressives, 7 Independents, 1 Labour MLA and 3 Conservatives.
A political crisis developed, however, when Premier Martin campaigned for the federal Liberal Party of Canada against the populist Progressives. Martin declared his opposition to a number of Progressive policies during the campaign leading Maharg, a Progressive supporter, to resign from Cabinet. The split in the Martin Cabinet led to the Premier's resignation and his replacement by Charles Dunning.
Martin retired from politics in 1922 and became a judge of the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal. From 1941 until 1961, Martin was Chief Justice of Saskatchewan (presiding over the Saskatchewan Court of Appeal).