William Howard Hay

William Howard Hay, MD (1866 – 1940) was a New York doctor, author, lecturer, and director of The East Aurora Sun and Diet Sanatorium. He is principally known for the 'Hay diet', a food-combining dietary system.

Hay graduated from the New York University Medical College in 1891 and was licensed in Pennsylvania. Following graduation he practiced in Youngsville, and was the surgeon for the American Tinplate Company of New Castle. While he was in Pennsylvania he set-up the Hay Rest Cure which was advertised as "a special service department for the cure of hay fever cases". In 1905, it seems he had an episode of acute heart failure following running for a train. As a result, he discovered that he had Bright's disease (or hypertension) with a dilated heart, a condition with a poor prognosis at the time. As a consequence he changed his diet, discontinued coffee and stopped smoking. His condition improved, he lost weight and his blood pressure fell. Over the next 4 years he developed a dietary system based on this experience. The dietary system he developed involved fasting and promoted the idea that certain foods require an acid pH environment in digestion, and other foods require an alkaline pH environment, and that both cannot take place at the same time, in the same environment.

In 1921 he went to Buffalo and in 1927 he was appointed director of the The East Aurora Sun and Diet Sanatorium. where he developed the 'Sun-Diet Menus'. In this period Hay was a member of the Medical Advisory Board of the Defensive Diet League of America, and campaigned against the use of aluminum cooking utensils, vivisection and vaccination for smallpox. In 1930 he resigned from his local medical society just before charges of unethical advertising were preferred. In 1932 he purchased the Pocono Hay-ven resort and in 1935 became the Medical Director of Hay System, Inc. The Hay diet was popular around that time and many restaurants offered 'Hay-friendly' menus; followers of his dietary advice, who called themselves “Hayites”, included Henry Ford. Hay was criticized in the Journal of the American Medical Society (JAMA) as a food-faddist and later for advocating that a patient with type 1 diabetes stop taking insulin. However, despite continual criticism over lack of a scientific basis, the Hay diet and its variants, such as the Kensington diet and the Beverly Hills Diet, have remained popular to this day, with actors such as Elizabeth Hurley, Helen Mirren and Catherine Zeta-Jones following food-combining diets.