Name William Cochran Awards Hughes Medal | Died August 28, 2003 Role Physicist | |
Books The Determination of Crystal Structures, The Dynamics of Atoms in Crystals | ||
Education University of Edinburgh | ||
William (Bill) Cochran (30 July 1922 – 28 August 2003) was a prominent Scottish physicist.
Biography
Bill Cochran was born in Scotland and educated at Boroughmuir High School in Edinburgh. He studied physics at the University of Edinburgh. He completed his PhD under Arnold Beevers in the Chemistry Department in X-ray crystallography of sucrose using isomorphous replacement. Moving to Cambridge University to work with Lawrence Bragg, obtaining tenure in 1951. He realised that isomorphous replacement was the key to solving protein structures. With Francis Crick, he invented methods for deducing helical patterns from crystallographic data, which ultimately led to the solution of the structure of DNA.
Cochran went on to study neutron diffraction with Bertram Brockhouse and used lattice dynamics and to explain the phenomenon of ferroelectricity in terms of lattice instabilities. This was tested by his students Stuart Pawley, Roger Cowley and Richard Nelmes. This idea was also advanced around the same time by Philip Anderson, but Cochran, with his unfailing modesty, credits Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman and Negundagi with the original idea. Cochran's basic idea is that on cooling from a high temperature state, symmetry breaking can occur.
Cochran returned to Edinburgh in 1964 as Chair of Natural Philosophy. In this same year, Peter Higgs introduced the idea of the Higgs boson and Higgs field. Higgs basic idea is that on cooling from a high temperature state, symmetry breaking can occur, and it has been claimed that the original insight leading to the Higgs boson was due to Philip Anderson.
He became Head of Department in 1975 and was instrumental in the merger of the Natural Philosophy and Mathematical Physics departments. He was vice-principal from 1984 to 1987.
Cochran also received an Honorary Doctorate from Heriot-Watt University in 1992
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in March 1962 and won their Hughes Medal in 1978. He won the Howard N. Potts Medal of the Franklin Institute in 1984.
Cochran succumbed to motor neurone disease in 2003