Artist Sergey Merkurov | ||
Architect Alexander Vasilievich Vlasov Similar Statue of Lenin in Kharkiv, Statue of Lenin - Seattle, Monument of the Great October, Monument to Mykola Shchors, Monument to Valery Lobanovsky | ||
The Vladimir Lenin monument in Kiev was a statue dedicated to the founder of the Soviet Union in Kiev, the capital of Ukraine. It became noticed as being directly involved in the Euromaidan events when it was violently toppled from its pedestal and crushed by an angry mob on December 8, 2013. Later in its place, a golden toilet was installed atop the pedestal as a metaphorical symbol of state corruption, and since then, it has become a site of political artwork.
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Over a hundred other Lenin statues and Soviet icons across Ukraine were destroyed from December 2013 to February 2014.
Background
The larger than life-size (3.45 meters [11.32 feet]) Lenin monument was built by Soviet sculptor Sergey Merkurov from the same red Karelian stone as Lenin's Mausoleum. It was displayed at the 1939 New York World's Fair and erected on Kiev's main Khreshchatyk Street (at the intersection of Shevchenko Boulevard, opposite the Bessarabsky Market) on 5 December 1946.
According to the decree of the former President of Ukraine, Viktor Yushchenko, this monument of the Soviet Union and the associated Communist period should have been removed after Ukraine gained independence. Nevertheless, due to the resistance of the Communist Party of Ukraine, whose members were elected to Verhovna Rada, the last Kiev monument to Lenin was left standing.
Since the fall of Soviet rule, the monument survived numerous vandalizing attempts which led to both increased policing of the area and frequent vigilance by Communist activists.
Demolition
On December 1, 2013 a group of masked men attempted to topple the statue during the surge of the Euromaidan protests. Police immediately reacted by deploying a small Berkut riot police unit which was attacked, overwhelmed and forced to flee. Euromaidan leaders immediately denounced both the monument attempt and the clash with police as an action of unaffiliated "provocateurs".
Subsequently, on December 8, 2013, several Ukrainian individuals subsequently claimed to be affiliated with the Svoboda political party toppled the statue, as Kiev police silently looked on. The statue then broke from impact with the ground.
After the fall of the Lenin statue the crowd began to sing the national anthem of Ukraine. Later, pieces of the monument were picked up by protesters as souvenirs.
Response
The removal or destruction of Lenin monuments and statues gained particular momentum after the destruction of the Kiev Lenin statue. Under the motto "Ленінопад" (Leninopad, translated into English as "Leninfall"), activists pulled down a dozen communist monuments in the Kyiv region, Zhytomyr, Chmelnitcki, and elsewhere, or damaged them during the course of the EuroMaidan protests into spring of 2014. In other cities and towns, monuments were removed by organised heavy equipment and transported to scrapyards or dumps.
Political response
A member of the Ukrainian parliament from the party UDAR, Valeriy Karpuntsov, announced that Ukrainian police had started arrests of people present in the area during the fall of the last monument to Lenin in Kiev.
The governor of Kharkiv Oblast, Mykhailo Dobkin, tweeted on 8 December 2013 about starting a crowdfunding campaign to restore the monument: "Tomorrow I will open the account for restoration of the monument to Lenin in Kiev… Everybody, who hates Guzuls for their stupidity, join". He stated that he would allocate the sum of 100,000 hryvnias for the restoration of the monument.
Public opinion
Most residents of Kiev (69%) had a negative attitude to the removal of Lenin’s monument during the mass protest actions, while 13% had a positive attitude and 15% remained indifferent.
Notable figures
Aftermath
On 15 May 2015, President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko signed a bill into law that started a six-month period for the removal of communist monuments.