The 1868 United States elections was held on November 3, electing the members of the 41st United States Congress. The election took place during the Reconstruction Era, and many Southerners were barred from voting. This was the first election after the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment, which protected the voting rights of all citizens regardless of race or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude. After this election but before the next election, delegations from Texas, Virginia, Mississippi, and Georgia were readmitted to Congress.
In the presidential election, Republican General Ulysses S. Grant defeated Democratic former Governor Horatio Seymour of New York. Incumbent President Andrew Johnson sought the 1868 Democratic nomination, but Seymour took the nomination after twenty two ballots.
Democrats gained several seats in the House elections, but Republicans continued to maintain a commanding majority.
In the Senate elections, Republicans and Democrats both won seats, but Republicans maintained a huge majority in the chamber.