Decided 14 June 2016 | ||
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Full case name United States Telecom Association v. Federal Communications Commission and United States of America Citation(s) DC Cir., No. 15-1063 et al. Judge(s) sitting David S. Tatel, Sri Srinivasan, Senior Circuit Judge Stephen F. Williams Ruling court United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit | ||
USTA v. FCC is the 2016 court case in which the Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit upheld the Federal Communication Commission's reclassification of broadband services as telecommunications services subject to common carrier regulation under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934. This decision was a major victory for net neutrality, the principle of non-discrimination by Internet Service Providers (ISPs) with regards to data that they carry.
Contents
The court upheld a set of Open Internet rules adopted by the FCC: bans on blocking, throttling, and paid prioritization of Internet traffic, a "General Conduct Rule” prohibiting broadband providers from “unreasonably interfer[ing] with or unreasonably disadvantag[ing] (i) end users’ ability to select, access, and use broadband Internet access service or the lawful Internet content, applications, services, or devices of their choice, or (ii) edge providers’ ability to make lawful content, applications, services, or devices available to end users," and an enhanced set of transparency requirements.
History
The 2014 D.C. Circuit court decision Verizon v. FCC vacated portions of the FCC Open Internet Order 2010 because it was determined that they could only apply to common carriers. At the time, broadband services had historically been classified as "information services," a decision made by the FCC in the early 2000's and unsuccessfully challenged in court.
The FCC followed the advice of the Verizon court and sought to reclassify broadband services as "telecommunications services," giving broadband status as a "common carrier" under Title II of the Communications Act of 1934. Application of certain sections of Title II, particularly 201 and 202, prohibiting "unjust or unreasonable discrimination" by common carriers, allowed the erection of the FCC's regulatory schemes.
Ruling
The court ruled 2-1 in favor of the FCC's reclassification of broadband as a "telecommunications service," with Judges Tatel and Srinivasan in the majority and Judge Williams dissenting in part.
In its review of the appropriateness of reclassification, the court applied Chevron’s two-step test to determine (1) whether the Communications Act is ambiguous with respect to the classification of broadband, and, if so, (2) whether the FCC’s decision to reclassify was reasonable.
In Judge Williams' dissent, he called the FCC's reasoning "self-contradictory" and said the justification for reclassification "fails for want of reasoned decisionmaking."
Impact
The decision was a major victory for net neutrality, which had the support of FCC Chairman Tom Wheeler and the Obama administration.
The case could potentially be appealed further or granted review with the Supreme Court.