The United States Ambassador to Syria is the official representative of the President of the United States to the President of Syria.
From the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire in 1922 until 1944, Syria had been under the control of France as a part of the League of Nations French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon. The United States appointed George Wadsworth as Agent and Consul General to Syria and Lebanon on October 9, 1942, to provide a quasi-diplomatic presence in Damascus until the United States determined that Syria achieved effective independence in 1944. The United States recognized Syria as an independent state on September 8, 1944, when the Syrian Minister of Foreign Affairs, Jamil Mardam Bey, informed the United States that Syria fully recognized and would protect existing rights of the United States and its nationals. This Syrian assurance was in response to a letter sent on September 7, 1944, by the U.S. Diplomatic Agent and Consul General in Syria that offered "full and unconditional recognition" upon receipt of such written assurances. The United States established diplomatic relations with Syria when George Wadsworth presented his credentials as Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary on November 17, 1944. Wadsworth was concurrently the envoy to Syria and Lebanon while resident in Beirut.
Egypt and Syria united to form a new state, the United Arab Republic (UAR) on February 22, 1958 with its capital in Cairo. The U. S. recognized the UAR and the embassy in Damascus was reclassified as a Consulate General. Syria seceded from the Union in 1961 and U. S.–Syria diplomatic relations were reestablished on October 10, 1961. The Consulate General was once again elevated to embassy status.
Syria severed diplomatic relations with the U.S. on June 6, 1967 in the wake of the 1967 Arab-Israeli War. In the interim a U.S. Interests Section in Syria was established on February 8, 1974, in the Italian Embassy with Thomas J. Scotes as Principal Officer. Normal relations were resumed in 1974.
The U. S. recalled its ambassador to Syria in 2005 after the assassination of Rafic Hariri. A series of chargés d’affaires represented the U.S. until the appointment of Robert Stephen Ford in January 2011.
Ambassadors and chiefs of mission
George Wadsworth – Career FSOTitle: Diplomatic Agent/Consul General
Appointed: October 9, 1942
Presented credentials: —
Terminated mission: Promoted to Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary November 17, 1944
George Wadsworth – Career FSOTitle: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointed: September 21, 1944
Presented credentials: November 17, 1944
Terminated mission: Left Damascus February 8, 1947
Paul Humiston Alling – Career FSOTitle: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointed: April 10, 1947
James Hugh Keeley, Jr. – Career FSO
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointed: October 8, 1947
Presented credentials: August 2, 1948
Terminated mission: Left post July 22, 1950
Cavendish W. Cannon – Career FSO
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointed: September 20, 1950
Presented credentials: October 30, 1950
Terminated mission: Left post May 8, 1952
James S. Moose, Jr. – Career FSO
Title: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary
Appointed: June 25, 1952
Presented credentials: August 14, 1952
Terminated mission: Promoted to Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary September 30, 1952
Note: On September 30, 1952, the U.S. legation in Damascus was upgraded to embassy status. This required a promotion and new commission for the envoy.
James S. Moose, Jr. – Career FSOTitle: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: September 11, 1952
Presented credentials: September 30, 1952
Terminated mission: Left post June 30, 1957
Charles W. Yost – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: December 24, 1957
Presented credentials: January 16, 1958
Terminated mission: Embassy downgraded to consulate status, February 22, 1958
Note: Syria joined Egypt to form the United Arab Republic on February 22, 1958. The U.S. embassy in Damascus was downgraded to consulate status. After Syria seceded from the UAR, the consulate was reestablished as an embassy on October 10, 1961.
Ridgway B. Knight – Career FSO
Title: Chargé d'Affaires ad interim
Appointed: October 10, 1961
Presented credentials: —
Terminated mission: Promoted to Ambassador January 11, 1962
Ridgway B. Knight – Career FSOTitle: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: December 7, 1961
Presented credentials: January 11, 1962
Terminated mission: Left post May 27, 1965
Hugh H. Smythe – Political appointee
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: July 22, 1965
Presented credentials: October 28, 1965
Terminated mission: Left post Jun 8, 1967
Note: Syria severed diplomatic relations with the U.S. on June 6, 1967. Ambassador Smythe departed Syria two days later.
Note: The U.S. established a U.S. Interests Section on February 8, 1974 in the Italian Embassy with Thomas J. Scotes as Principal Officer. The Embassy in Damascus was reestablished on June 16, 1974, with Scotes as Chargé d'Affaires ad interim.
Thomas J. Scotes – Career FSO
Title: Chargé d'Affaires ad interim
Appointed: June 16, 1974
Presented credentials: —
Terminated mission: Superseded by Ambassador Murphy, September 9, 1974
Richard W. Murphy – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: August 9, 1974
Presented credentials: September 9, 1974
Terminated mission: Left post April 23, 1978
Talcott W. Seelye – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: July 31, 1978
Presented credentials: September 17, 1978
Terminated mission: Left post August 31, 1981
Robert P. Paganelli – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: September 28, 1981
Presented credentials: November 12, 1981
Terminated mission: Left post June 13, 1984
William L. Eagleton, Jr. – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: October 4, 1984
Presented credentials: December 6, 1984
Terminated mission: Left post August 31, 1988
Edward Peter Djerejian – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: August 12, 1988
Presented credentials: October 2, 1988
Terminated mission: Left post July 25, 1991
Christopher W.S. Ross – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: August 2, 1991
Presented credentials: September 25, 1991
Terminated mission: Left post March 22, 1998
Ryan Crocker – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: June 29, 1998
Presented credentials: June 6, 1999
Terminated mission: Left post June 30, 2001
Theodore H. Kattouf – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: August 7, 2001
Presented credentials: January 12, 2002
Terminated mission: Left post August 23, 2003
Margaret Scobey – Career FSO
Title: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: December 12, 2003
Presented credentials: January 10, 2004
Terminated mission: Left post February 16, 2005
Note: Ambassador Scobey was recalled "for urgent consultations" on February 15, 2005, after the assassination of Rafic Hariri. Several chargés represented the U.S. until January 2011.
Stephen A. Seche
Chargé d'Affaires a.i, 2005–2006
Michael H. Corbin
Chargé d'Affaires a.i, 2006–2008
Maura Connelly
Chargé d'Affaires a.i, 2008–2009
Charles F. (Chuck) Hunter
Chargé d'Affaires a.i, 2009–2011
Robert Stephen Ford – Career FSOTitle: Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary
Appointed: December 29, 2010
Presented credentials: January 2010
Terminated mission: February 2014
Note: Syria severed diplomatic relations with United States in 2012 in response to its support of the Syrian rebels during the Syrian Civil War.
Note: The U.S. established a U.S. Interests Section on February 6, 2012 in the Polish Embassy in Damascus, until the Polish Embassy closed. Since March 1, 2013, a new U.S. Interests Section operates via the Government of the Czech Republic through its embassy in Damascus. Only emergency services for U.S. citizens are available. Neither U.S. passports nor visas to the United States can be issued in Damascus.
Daniel Rubinstein
Title: Special Envoy
Appointed: March 7, 2014
Terminated mission: July 27, 2015
Michael Ratney
Title: Special Envoy
Appointed: July 27, 2015
Terminated mission: January 20, 2017