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The Underground Great Wall of China is the informal name for the vast system of underground tunnels China uses to store and transport mobile intercontinental ballistic missiles. Due to the immense amount of secrecy surrounding the tunnels, not much information about them is publicly available however it is believed that the tunnels allow for mobile ICBMs to be shuttled around to different silos and/or stored in reinforced underground bunkers. This greatly enhances the ICBMs chance of survival in a direct nuclear strike, which enables their use in a second strike unlike ICBMs based in static nuclear silos which generally do not survive a direct nuclear attack.
A report written by a Georgetown University team led by Phillip Karber conducted a three-year study to map out China’s complex tunnel system, which stretches 5,000 km (3,000 miles). The report determined that the stated Chinese nuclear arsenal is understated and as many as 3,000 nuclear warheads may be stored in the underground tunnel network. This hypothetical maximum storage or basing capacity along with Karber's own misconceived fissile production suggestions, resulted in Western media purporting that 3,000 warheads were actually in the facility. The Karber study went on to state that the network of tunnels is not likely to be breached by conventional or low-yield earth-penetrating nuclear weapons such as the B61-11.