Trueba is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Antonio de Trueba (1819–1889), Spanish poet, novelist, and folkloristAndrés Martínez Trueba (1884–1959), Uruguayan politicianVicente Trueba (1905–1986), Spanish cyclistFernando Trueba (born 1955), Spanish screenwriter, film director and producerDavid Trueba (born 1969), Spanish writer, film director and screenwriter