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TrueNorth is a neuromorphic CMOS chip produced by IBM. It is a manycore network on a chip design, with 4096 cores in the current chip, each one simulating 256 programmable silicon "neurons" for a total of just over a million neurons. In turn, each neuron has 256 programmable "synapses" that convey the signals between them. Hence, the total number of programmable synapses is just over 268 million (2^28). In terms of basic building blocks, its transistor count is 5.4 billion. Since memory, computation, and communication are handled in each of the 4096 neurosynaptic cores, TrueNorth circumvents the von-Neumann-architecture bottlenecks and is very energy-efficient, consuming 70 milliwatts, about 1/10,000th the power density of conventional microprocessors. The SyNAPSE chip (introduced mid 2014) operates at lower temperatures and less power because it operates only when it needs, rather than all the time