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The Treaty of Fontainebleau was signed on 27 October 1807 in Fontainebleau between Charles IV of Spain and Napoleon I of France by France and Spain regarding the occupation of Portugal.
Under this treaty Portugal was divided into three regions- the Entre-Douro-e-Minho Province for the King of the Etrúria, the Principality of the Algarves under Spanish minister D. Manuel Godoy and the remaining provinces and overseas territories were to be distributed under a later agreement.
The accord proposed the division of the Kingdom of Portugal and all Portuguese dominions between the signatories. Individuals such as M. Izquierdo, councilor of Charles IV, and Don Manuel de Godoy were also present during the conclusion of the treaty. Based on the first article of the agreement, the King of Etruria would be granted, in exchange for Tuscany, Portuguese territories between the Minho River and the Douro River (i.e. the Kingdom of Northern Lusitania).
The second article of the treaty proposed the establishment of a new Principality of the Algarves, which included the former Kingdom of Algarve and the province of Alentejo.