Traylor is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Bill Traylor (1853–1949), American artistChet D. Traylor (born 1945), American juristCraig Lamar Traylor (born 1989), American actorDavid Traylor (born 1943), English cricketerJohn H. Traylor (1839–1925), American politician, developer and mayor of Dallas 1917-1919Keith Traylor (born 1969), American football nose tackleMelvin Alvah Traylor (1878–1934), American lawyer and bankerMelvin Alvah Traylor, Jr. (1915–2008), American ornithologistMorton Traylor (1918–1996), American fine artist, designer and serigrapherRay Traylor (1963–2004), American wrestlerRobert Traylor (1977–2011), American basketball playerSteve Traylor (born 1951), American college baseball coachWilliam Traylor (1930–1989), American actor and acting coach