Tonite (explosive)

Tonite is an explosive sometimes used in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It consists of a mixture of equal weights of barium nitrate and guncotton. According to "Nitro-Explosives: A Practical Treatise" by P. Gerald Sanford (available via Project Gutenberg): "The products of perfectly detonated gun-cotton may be expressed by the following equation: 2C₁₂H₁₄O₄(NO₃)₆ = 18CO + 6CO₂ + 14H₂O + 12N. It does not therefore contain sufficient oxygen for the complete combustion of its carbon." The production of carbon monoxide is dangerous in mining operations in particular, so additional oxygen is provided by mixing a nitrate compound with the guncotton. Various nitrates have been used (nitre, potassium nitrate, barium nitrate, ammonium nitrate). The explosive was patented by Messrs Trench, Faure, and Mackie. The high gas pressures generated by detonation of Tonite resulted in it being used as a bursting charge for some early hand grenades used in World War I. Its name was taken from the Latin verb tonat = "it thunders", and is pronounced "toe-nite" and not as "tonight".