Type Geological formation Country Chile Underlies Zapata Formation | Sub-units Basal Clastic Complex Region Magallanes Region | |
Primary Silicic pyroclastic rocks (including tuff) Other Black shale, silicic intrusions, conglomerate, sandstone Overlies Tierra del Fuego Igneous and Metamorphic Complex, Cordillera Darwin Metamorphic Complex | ||
Tobífera Formation (Spanish: Formación Tobífera) is a volcano-sedimentary formation of Upper Jurassic age. The formation is located in Magallanes Region in southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. The bulk of the formation originates from silicic pyroclastic material during a period of bimodal volcanism in Rocas Verdes Basin, a rift basin. The Tobífera Formation is grouped together with other formations of similar age in Patagonia in the Chon Aike Province an extraordinarily large province of silicic volcanism. Except for some western and southern exposures most of the formation is buried and known only from boreholes in Magallanes Basin. The formation is equivalent to El Quemado and Ibañez formations. Tobífera Formation has an up to 80 m thick Basal Clastic Complex, a sub-unit made up of conglomerate and sandstone. Tobífera Formation unconformably overlies metamorphic and igneous basement complexes of Cambrian age.
Deformation and metamorphism
Much of the formation is folded and faulted as consequence of the Andean orogeny. At Última Esperanza Province the formation metamorphosed first under Greenschist facies and then under prehnite-pumpellyite facies conditions. Some rhyolites of Tobífera Formation were incorporated into Cordillera Darwin Metamorphic Complex. The incorporation of part of Tobífera Formation in the metamorphic complex was accompanied by deformation and metamorphism and occurred in the context of the Andean orogeny in the Cretaceous.