Timofeyev (Russian: Тимофе́ев; masculine) or Timofeyeva (Тимофе́ева; feminine) is a common Russian surname derived from the first name Timofey". It is shared by the following people:
Aleksandr Timofeyev (born 1992), Russian association football player
Anatoly Timofeyev (1887–?), Russian fencer
Anton Timofeyev (born 1990), Russian association football player
Artyom Timofeev (chess player) (b. 1985), Russian chess player
Artyom Timofeyev (footballer) (b. 1994), Russian association football player
Avdotia Timofeyeva (1739–?), Russian ballet dancer
Irina Timofeyeva (b. 1970), Russian long-distance runner
Kristina Timofeeva (b. 1993), Russian archer
Oleg Timofeyev (born 1963), American musicologist and musician
Lev Timofeev (born 1936), Russian economist, political commentator and novelist
Marina Timofeieva (b. 1984), Estonian ice dancer
Mikhail Timofeyev (born 1988), Russian association football player
Nikolay Timofeev-Ressovsky (1900–1981), Soviet biologist
Nina Timofeeva (1935–2014), Russian ballet dancer
Roman Timofeyev (born 1985), Russian association football player
Sergey Timofeev (born 1965), Kazakh association football player
Valentina Timofeyeva, Russian rower
Vitali Timofeyev (born 1982), Russian association football player
Yulia Timofeeva (b. 1972), Russian bobsledder
Yekaterina Mulyuk-Timofeyeva (b. 1976), Belarusian archer