The following is a timeline of the island of Santiago, Cape Verde.
Prehistoric and precolonial era
Around 30 to 25 million years ago - The southern seamount was formed
Around 25 to 20 million years ago - The northern seamount was formed
Around 7 to 5 million years ago - The island with its crater now known as Pico da Antónia was formed, its length was about 15 km
Around 5. 5 to 4. 5 million years ago - during the early Pliocene and the Zanclean periods - the Flamengos rock formation formed
About 5 to 4 million years ago - another island with its crater at present day Serra da Malagueta was formed its length was about 10 km
Around 3.3 to 2.3 million years ago - during the Piacenzian and the Gelasian periods., the Pico da Antónia and its rock formation formed
About 3 to 2 million years ago, the two islands merged into a larger island
2.6 to 2.3 million years ago - Assomada rock formation formed
1.1 million to 770.000 years ago - Monte das Vacas rock formation formed during the Early Pleistocene periods
Around 73,000 years ago - The eastern portion of the island of Fogo—a volume of approximately 100 cubic kilometres (24 cu mi) of rock—collapsed into the ocean generating a 170-metre (560 ft) high megatsunami. The surge inundated the western part of Santiago, running up to heights of 270 metres (890 ft) and carrying large boulders onto a plateau at an elevation of 200 metres (660 ft).
Around 3,000 to 1,000 BC - Ilhéu de Santa Maria separated from the island of Santiago, it used to be a hill and was a surrounded by a southeastern and a southern hill that had now disappeared
1475 BC - March 30: An annular solar eclipse took place at the start of afternoon in the island
1232 BC - March 14: A total solar eclipse in most of the island
1153 BC - June 6 - A total solar eclipse took place in the late afternoon hours in the island
748 BC - August 27: An annular solar eclipse took place in late morning in the island
191 BC: September 18: An annular solar eclipse took place in parts of the island, the remainder was visibly partial
65 BC - December 14: An annular solar eclipse took place before noon on the island
5 AD - March 28: A hybrid solar eclipse took place about 25 Roman miles (30 km) south of the island, from that point, it was shown as an annular eclipse, it was shown as partial on the island
75 AD - January 5: a total solar eclipse took place in one of the four/five islands that included the island, the greatest eclipse was about 30 km north of present day Tarrafal and Tras os Montes
511 - January 19: A total solar eclipse took mid afternoon and probably included a small part of the southeast of the island, the remainder was visibly partial
1000 - October 7: An annular solar eclipse took place in the island
1112 - April 7: A total solar eclipse took place in the island
1152 - August 10: a total solar eclipse took place on the island
1372 - April 13: A hybrid solar eclipse took place about 20 miles (30 km) south of the island, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
1460 - The island was discovered by António da Noli
1462 - The city of Cidade Velha was founded and the colony of Portuguese Cape Verde was established
1466 - A monopoly of slaves began, its first slaves in Cape Verde arrived
1493 - Construction of Nossa Senhora do Rosário church began
1495 - The church of Nossa Senhora do Rosario completed, the first colonial church
1497 - Vasco da Gama stopped by at Cidade Velha on his way to India
1498 - Explorer Christopher Columbus stopped by at Cidade Velha on his way for his third voyage to the Americas
1513 to 1515 - Slavery expanded the commerce of the island
1520 - Island and Cape Verde's first pillory constructed
1533
Ribeira Grande elevated to a city
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Santiago de Cabo Verde created by the Bull "Pro excellenti praeeminentia" of Pope Clement VII.
1541 - The island was raided by Barbary pirates
1555 - Sé Cathedral in Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) built
1556 - A cathedral constructed by bishop Francisco da Cruz
1572 - Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) was elevated to a city, the first in Cape Verde
1578 - The first English corsairs and pirates attacked Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha)
1584 - Philippine Dynasty in power
1585
Capture of Santiago (1585), Cidade Velha damaged during raid by English corsair Sir Francis Drake, São Domingos was also looted and on November 28 Porto Praya (now Praia) razed, only the town hospital was spared, the fleet left after November, this was part of the Anglo-Spanish War (1585)
November 17 - Plans for Fort Real de São Filipe started
1589 - Engraving about the raid on Ribeira Grande (common name was Cape Verde City or Cidade de Cabo Verde, now Cidade Velha) finished by Giovanni Battista Boazio, the first engraving and its hand colored made about Cape Verde or any of its island
1593 - Forte Real de São Filipe was built, the first fort in Cape Verde
1615 - Praia de Santa Maria appeared on the previous settlement on the plateau
1650 - Philippine Dynasty ends
1655 - The plan of the City of Cape Verde (now Cidade Velha) was written, it formed a part of the Atlas by Leonardo de Ferrari.
1673 - August 12: A total solar eclipse started about 50 miles (90-100 km) south of the island, it was visibly partial in the island
1676 - June 11: An annular solar eclipse took place in the island
1677 - Elisabeth van der Woude visited the island, she described it in her diary on her way to Dutch Guyana (now simply Surinam) where his father had to be buried illegally because he was a Reformed Protestant, not a Catholic.
1687 - Slave trader Bibiana Vaz arrested and then taken to the island, unable to her confiscate her property, granted her a pardon in exchange for an indemnity and a promise that she would construct a fort in Bolor on the Cacheu River.
1693 - Sé Catherdal in Ribeira Grande (now Cidade Velha) completed, it would be destroyed in 1712 as part of the Cassard expedition
1712
May 5: Jacques Cassard landed his 5 ships at Praia Harbor
May 5: Cidade Velha along with its fort were destroyed by French corsairs commanded by Jacques Cassard in the Cassard expedition
Because of the raid, Ribeira Grande no longer served as island capital, the name became Cidade Velha
1720 - Population: approximately 12,000
1752
May 13: A total solar eclipse took place before sunset and the umbral part included the island
November 15: Jan Frans Michel visited the island as he was on his second journey to China under the Prussian Asiatic Company
1770 - Island capital officially transferred from Ribeira Grande to Praia (then Porto Praya)
1781 - April 16: - Though Portugal was neutral throughout the conflict (Anglo-French War, American Revolutionary War), the Battle of Porto Praya took place off modern day Praia and the island between Great Britain and France
Around 1794 - Cotton first produced in the island of Santiago and Cape Verde, created by the colonial governor José da Silva Maldonado de Eça
1788 - A total solar eclipse took place about 50 miles (80 km) south of the island, it was visibly in the island
1800 - Population: approcimately 26,000
1817 - Cape Verde's first primary school opened
1822
A riot broke out in Praia instigated by Manuel António Martins which overthrew António Pusich and put João da Mata Chapuzet as colonial governor
May 8: João da Mata Chapuzet was governor of Cape Verde up to around September 1826. He was engineer and military architect and underwent large modernization of the city of Praia, capital of the archipelago, one of the buildings he designed was Quartel Jaime Mota.
1826 - Quartel Jaime Mota barracks built
1830 - Population: around 24,000
1831 - The first famine struck the island
1832 - Scientist Charles Darwin along with the Beagle's visit to the island of Santiago and its then colonial capital Praia (then as Porto Praya), he also visited Ilhéu de Santa Maria
1833 - The first famine ended (see Famine in Cape Verde)
1834 - February 14: Portuguese colonial governor Manuel António Martins decided to transfer the colonial seat from Praia to Picos, this had never happened
1835 - The Fonteana Rebellion took place in Fonteana near Assomada
1849 - January: Sloop USS Yorktown along with William Harwar Parker visited Porto Praya (now Praia), several officers rotated off the ship and Parker became Acting Master, one of the first American ships and one of the first American sloop to visit Porto Praya and Santiago Island.
1850 - June: USS Yorktown returned to Porto Praya (now Praia), the ship later left for Funchal and Las Palmas de Gran Canaria and returned to Cape Verde, originally intended to visit Santiago, it visited Mayo (now Maio) Island on September and struck a reef on September 6, the first American ship sunk in the waters of Cape Verde.
1855 - Much of the island suffered another famine, the governor temporarily moved the residence from Praia (then Porto Praya) to Picos, Praia remained colonial capital
1861 - Liceu Nacional first opened, it was first built in 1860 under the colonial governor Januário Correia de Almeida.
1865:
The first branch of the Portuguese bank for the colonies, the Banco Nacional Ultramarina was opened, it would be replaced with the Bank of Cape Verde in 1975 after it became an independent nation
October 19: an annular solar eclipse took place in the island
1866 - Batuque became banned in Praia
1872 - Corpo de Polícia Civil, now the Capeverdean National Police established, its station and headquarters was in Praia
1881 - Farol de D. Maria Pia (commonly today as Farol de Pta. Temerosa) near Praia built
1884 - India Rubber Gutta Percha extended the telegraph (now communications) line from Mindelo to Praia
1889 - Farol da Ponta Preta northwest of Tarrafal built
1890 - Population: 63,795
1896 - A form of Cape Verdean music called tabanka became banned in Praia by the colonial governor Serpa Pinto along with funaná
1902 - Present church of Pro-Cathedral of Our Lady of Grace, Praia or Praia Cathedral completed
1910 - The Ribeirão Manuel Rebellion took place west of Assomada
1917 - Municipality of Tarrafal created out of the Municipality of Santa Catarina
1920 - Population: around 60,000
1922 - Aviators Gago Coutinho and Sacadura Cabral boarded a hydroplane Lusitânia for the First aerial crossing of the South Atlantic which had Praia (then Porto Praia) and the harbor as its stop, it started from Lisbon and finished in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
1926 - the Monument to Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque was erected in the area of the city square in Praia after the colonial governor Caetano Alexandre de Almeida e Albuquerque who ruled from 1869 to 1876
1927 - Electricity introduced to the city of Praia, the first Cape Verdean city or region
1929 - December 2: Sporting Clube da Praia footbal (soccer) club founded, the first established on the island
1930
Population: 63,154
October 15: Clube Desportivo Travadores founded
1931
Assomada's city market founded
May 1: Vitória Futebol Clube founded
1939 - July 5: Boavista Futebol Clube founded
1940s - As the Catholic Church started to reform, in the mountainous parts of the interior, some people became isolated from society and the Rabelados community formed
1940 - Population: 77,192
1941 - September 27-28: Though Portugal was neutral throughout World War II, the Action in Tarafal Bay, part of the Second Battle of the Atlantic engaged between the submarines of the British Navy and Germany, the battle was inconclusive
1944, March - Cape Verdean review Certeza started publishing in Praia, a milestone in Cape Verdean literature, it was later banned by the censors a year later, three editions were published,
1946 - A petition took place in Assomada and the surrounding area
1947 - Famine struck the island which made people to move to São Tomé and Príncipe, Dakar and some European countries
1948 - May 5: Os Garridos football (soccer) club established
1950 - Population: 58,893
1953 - Both the Cape Verdean Colonial Championships and the Santiago Championships started its first edition
1955 - Our Lady of Fatima Church (Igreja de Nossa Senhora de Fátim) in Milho Branco near São Domingos constructed by P. Figueira Pinto
1957 - Seminary of São José opened near Ponta Temerosa, south of the center of Praia
1960 - Population: 88,587
1961 - Praia Airport first opened, after independence, the nation's third airport or aerodrome opened, it would operate for 44 years before a new airport opened in the northeast
1962
The first attacks ordered by the guerrillas of the PAIGC, this started the struggle against the oppression of Portugal, months later the Guinea-Bissau War of Independence broke out in Portuguese Guinea (now Guinea-Bissau), due to logistical reasons, Cape Verde didn't take part
August: Demonstrations over the elevation of the Minister of Overseas
December 15: Académica da Praia founded
1966 - São Lourenço FC football (soccer) club established
1968 - AD Bairro, also known as ADESBA, a football (soccer) club founded
1970
Population: 128,782
Spring: Student rebellion took place in Assomada
1971 - Municipality of Santa Cruz established
1972 - July 1: Celtic Futebol Clube founded
1973 - December 24: an annular solar eclipse occurred on the island before 15:30
1974:
April 25: the Carnation Revolution took place in Portugal, the Estado Novo regime collapsed, Cape Verde became an autonomous province
April 26: In the evening, all prisoners from the Tarrafal Camp were released
Mid-year: the final Cape Verdean colonial or provincial championships took place
October 13: Pedro Pires returned to Praia after being exiled
1975
July 5: Cape Verde declared independence from Portugal and became and independent nation, Praia became the national capital
The ban on music genres including tabanka, funaná and batuque were lifted in Praia
Bairro, also known as ADESBA, its basketball team founded
1976
April 29: An annular solar eclipse took place about 80 km south of the island of Santiago, it was visibly partial in the archipelago
the first Cape Verdean football Championships took place
1979 - Desportivo da Praia football (soccer) club established
1980
Population: 145,947
March 27: National Technological Investigation Institute (INIT - Instituto Nacional de Investigação Tecnológica) in São Jorge dos Órgãos founded
1982: April 17 - Central Elétrica da Praia (CEP - Praia Central Electricity) became a part of Electra electricity company
1984 - Tchadense football (soccer) club founded
1985
Santiago Island Cup (now the Santiago South Zone Cup) founded
Grupo Desportivo Varanda football (soccer) club founded
June 28: Praia became member of UCCLA, the Union of Luso-Afro-Americo-Asiatic Capital Cities, one of seven at the time
December 7: SC Beira-Mar do Tarrafal founded
1986 - Jardim Botânico Nacional Grandvaux Barbosa, Cape Verde's only botanical garden created
1988
São Domingos municipality established, carved out of the northern part of the municipality of Praia
December 31: The National Historic Archives of Cape Verde (now known as the Cape Verdean National Archives) first opened
1990
Population: 189,478
September 16: Desportivo de Assomada founded
1991 - São Miguel municipality established carved out of the southeastern part of the municipality of Tarrafal
1992
Festival de Gamboa held its first edition at Praia da Gamboa, south of the city center
ISE (Instituto Superior de Educação) established
Estrela dos Amadores football (soccer) club established
1994 - September 24: Varandinha of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established
1995 - July 31: Barcelona or Amabos Barcelona of Tarrafal football (soccer) club established
1996 - Banco Caboverdiano de Negocios opened its bank head offices in Praia
1997
October 5: Museu Etnográfico (Ethnographic Museum) first opened
INIDA (Instituto Nacionai de Investigação e Desenvolvimento Agrário) replaced INIT, based in São Jorge dos Órgãos
1998
Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde or the Cape Verdean Stock Exchange founded under a governmental decision
September 28: a TACV de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter (registered D4-CAX) crash-landed at Francisco Mendes Airport (serving Praia at that time) during a landing attempt in stormy weather
1999 - National Library of Cape Verde first opened
2000 - Population: 229,900
2001
Jean Piaget University of Cape Verde established
Grémio Desportivo Nhagar football (soccer) club established
2003
Monte Graciosa became a protected area
Scorpion Vermelho football (soccer) club established
February 24: Serra da Malagueta Natural Park established, the first national park created on the island
August: Santiago Island League split in two, the North and the South Zones, the Santiago South Zone Cup replaced the Praia Cup.
2005
Two new municipalities created including Ribeira Grande de Santiago and São Salvador do Mundo were created
Praia's airport became the second airport to serve international or out of country flights, until that time, Sal was the only international airport in Cape Verde.
December: Bolsa de Valores de Cabo Verde (the Cape Verdean Stock Exchange) started operations, since 2013, its building is south of Estàdio da Várzea sports complex.
2006
Estádio da Várzea finished, refurbished and completed
The island dam named Poilão west of Pedra Badejo completed, the first dam or reservoir in Cape Verde
November 21: University of Cape Verde established
2007 - February 7: Cape Verdean Prime Minister visited the Rabelados community in Espinho Branco and some other settlements
2008
Construction of the House of Marine and Sea Turtles began in Praia Baixo in São Domingos for the protection of sea turtles on the island, it was funded by the University of Algarve, Lisbon Oceanographic Institute and the local office of Lagoa near Faro, Portugal, it was completed in the following year.
Estádio Municipal 25 de Julho in Pedra Badejo west of the center opened
October 9: ISE, INAG and INIDA dissolved, they became the Faculty of Social Sciences, Humanities and Arts, School of Business and Government, School of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, all part of the University of Cape Verde.
2009
April: A symposium took place at Tarrafal Camp on the 35th anniversary of its closing
June 10: Cidade Velha including its fortress became a UNESCO World Heritage Site
June 27: Cidade Velha also became the Seven Wonders of the Portuguese-built Landmark in the World.
University of Santiago opened in Assomada, it would become Cape Verde's second and recent university
2010 - Population: 272,312
Around 2010 or 2011 - Salineiro and Saquinho Dams started construction
Around 2011 - the Praia Perimeter Road opened
2012 - Complexo Desportivo Adega completed It is 100 meters long and 64 meters wide.
2013 - Three reservoirs were completed in the island:
June 30: Barragem de Salineiro (Salineiro Dam) opened, it location is 2 km north of Cidade Velha.
July 19: Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Dam) opened, its location is in Faveta, located approximately northeast to Picos
October 30: Barragem de Saquinho (Saquinho Dam) opened, it is located northwest of Assomada
2015
EcobusCV started running a fleet of dual fuel waste vegetable oil / diesel modified Toyota HiACE minibuses using a scheduled service model between Praia and Assomada.
On Ilhéu de Santa Maria off the shores of Praia, Cape Verdean government and Legend Development Company made a legal contract and proposes to construct hotel resort and casino, its cost is around 30 billion Cape Verdean escudos (250 million euros). The Government conceded the islet probably for 75 years.
August and September: Hurricane Fred struck the island, its rains filled Barragem de Faveta (Faveta Reservoir) to maximum capacity and prompted residents from adjacent areas to evacuate.
2016 - Quercus, a Portuguese NGO opened its Cape Verdean branch in Praia
Timeline of Santiago, Cape Verde Wikipedia (Text) CC BY-SA
