Died July 1945 | ||
Thomas Charles Willis Pulllnger CBE OBE OBK JP was an automobile engineer who began his career with bicycles before the first cars were built. Born in 1867 in London he died in July 1945 at a hospital in London's Kensington while living on the island of Jersey.
Eldest son of Fleet Paymaster Thomas Penford Pullinger, RN and his wife born Marianne Willis he was born in Dartford, Essex Attended Dartford Grammar School and was then apprenticed to long-established Dartford engineers, J & E Hall.
Following a stretch as a draughtsman at Woolwich Arsenal he repaired then manufactured, most likely by assembling bought-in components, bicycles at New Cross and then in 1891 was sent by Humber to France for Humber's joint venture with the Gladiator Cycle Company. But Humber encountered difficulties and Pullinger stayed in France with Alexandre Darracq as Darracq's designer and personal assistant. He moved on as works manager to other French firms designing for Duncan and Superbie near Paris at Croissy perhaps the first small car. A 2-seater, it had a 2-cylinder horizontal engine, 2-speeds with friction clutches and a tubular frame. Duncan and Superbie built motorcycles under licence from Hildebrand & Wolfmüller. At Teste & Moret of Lyon in 1896 he used a 2¼ horsepower de Dion engine to build a car he named La Mouche or The Fly. To solve the cooling problems of high-speed air-cooled engines he designed the first water-cooled cylinder head and many were bought by de Dion Bouton. Pullinger was particularly interested in the kind of cars built on the opposite side of Lyon by a Marius Berliet at Audibert & Lavirotte
Keen to design and build his own car, he moved back to England seeing more opportunity there than in France, and arrived at the Sunbeam Motor Car Company in Wolverhampton, Staffordshire on a motor-quadricycle he had built himself. He prepared a report for the Sunbeam directors and delivered it on 11 November 1902. He recommended that Sunbeam should buy in a car from an established firm then, as sales built up, buying them without certain components which would instead be made by Sunbeam until all that was bought in would be an engine. At the close of his report he recommended the cars be bought from Berliet in Lyon.
He left Sunbeam before the formation of the separate car company in 1904, taking up an appointment of general manager at Humber's Beeston, Nottinghamshire works. Humber's Beeston Works closed and operations transferred to their more modern Coventry factory.
During the First World War Thomas Pullinger carried out design proposals made by Frank Halford to create the Beardmore Halford Pullinger aero engine used in many wartime aircraft and later developed into the Siddeley Puma.
He seems to have remained with Beardmore's businesses until his retirement. Beardmore died in 1937. On retirement he lived at The Brae in the parish of St Brelade, Jersey and described his recreations as farming and yachting.
In 1893 Pullinger married Aurélie Berenice Sitwell (1871-1956) and they had four sons and six daughters the eldest was Dorothée Pullinger a pioneering automobile engineer and businesswoman.