Thaxter is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Celia Thaxter (1835–1894), American writer of poetry and stories
Edward Thaxter Gignoux (1916–1988), United States federal judge
John Thaxter (1927–2012), British theatre critic
Phyllis Thaxter (1919–2012), American actress
Roland Thaxter (1858–1932), American mycologist, the son of Celia Thaxter and Levi Thaxter
Samuel Thaxter (1665–1740), colonel and magistrate in Plymouth, New England
Winfred Thaxter Denison (1873–1919), United States Assistant Attorney General and Secretary of the Interior
