Name Terence Ranger Role Historian | Education University of Oxford | |
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Died January 3, 2015, Oxford, United Kingdom Books Writing Revolt: An Engagem, Bulawayo Burning: The Soci, Violence & Memory: One Hun, Voices from the rocks, Are we not also men? Similar People Eric Hobsbawm, Richard Werbner, Paul Slack, Hugh Redwald Trevor‑Roper, David Cannadine | ||
Terence Osborn Ranger (29 November 1929 – 3 January 2015) was a prominent African historian, focusing on the history of Zimbabwe. Part of the post-colonial generation of historians, his work spanned the pre- and post-Independence (1980) period in Zimbabwe, from the 1960s to the present. He published and edited dozens of books and wrote hundreds of articles and book chapters, including co-editing The Invention of Tradition (1983) with Eric Hobsbawm. He was the Rhodes Professor of Race Relations at Oxford University and the first Africanist fellow of the British Academy.
Biography
Born in South Norwood, south-east London, Terence Ranger was educated at Highgate School in north London. As an undergraduate he studied History at Queen's College, Oxford University and went on to complete his PhD at St Antony's College, Oxford, focusing on 17th-century Ireland, under the supervision of Professor Hugh Trevor-Roper. In 1953 he married Shelagh Campbell Clarke, with whom he had three daughters.
In 1957 he moved to modern-day Zimbabwe, at the time Southern Rhodesia, to take up a lectureship at the University College of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now the University of Zimbabwe) after reading an article by Basil Fletcher, the vice-principal of the University, in The Times newspaper. He became interested in African history and developed views that were considered radical by the white government of the time, leading the Rhodesian authorities to restrict his movement to within a three-mile radius of his home. He was deported in 1963 and took up a lectureship at the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania, where his colleagues included John Lonsdale, John Iliffe and John McCracken. During this time Ranger wrote Revolt in Southern Rhodesia, 1896-97: A Study in African Resistance (1967), which showed how Africans lived before the arrival of Cecil Rhodes and his Pioneer Column in 1890 and attempted to explain why the country's two main tribes, the Shona and Matabele, rose up against the European settlers, and The African Voice in Southern Rhodesia (1970), both of which were influential in the development of African nationalism.
In 1969, Ranger moved to the US to work at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he mostly researched African religion. He moved back to the United Kingdom in 1974 to take up a professorship at the University of Manchester where his research focused on Zimbabwe. In 1980, Ranger founded the Britain Zimbabwe Society with Guy Clutton-Brock, of which he was president (2006–14). During 1980-82, he was President of the African Studies Association of the UK (ASAUK). During this time he also published his widely influential work The Invention of Tradition (1983) in collaboration with Eric Hobsbawm.
With the change of regime Ranger was allowed back into Zimbabwe, which allowed him to undertake research for his book Peasant Consciousness and Guerrilla War, a comparative account of the ways in which ideas were formed among rural people, which was published in 1985. In 1987, he was appointed Rhodes Professor of Race Relations at Oxford University. In the 1990s he undertook two key research projects on the history of the Matabeleland region of Zimbabwe, Voices from the Rocks (1999) and Violence and Memory (2000), as well as Are We Not Also Men? (1995), a biography of the Zimbabwean Samkange dynasty (the most well-known member of which is Stanlake J. W. T. Samkange), drawing on their extraordinary collection of personal papers.
Ranger retired in 1997 but continued as an emeritus fellow of St Antony's College, Oxford and spent time at the University of Zimbabwe, where he undertook research for his book Bulwayo Burning (2010), which explore Bulawayo's urban cultural history. Upon returning to the UK, he published influential articles on Zimbabwe’s economic crisis and worked with Zimbabwean refugees coming to the UK, becoming a founding trustee of the charity Asylum Welcome, along with his wife Shelagh, and wrote over 170 reports addressed to the Home Office regarding asylum cases.
In retirement, Ranger was made a fellow of the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies. In 2013 he published his memoir, entitled Writing Revolt. He was the first Africanist fellow of the British Academy and the first historian of Africa to sit on the board of the historical journal Past & Present. He died on 3 January 2015 at the age of 85.