Terashima (written: 寺島 or 寺嶋) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Kazuya Terashima a.k.a. Izumi Matsumoto (born 1958), Japanese manga artist
Manji Terashima (1898–1983), Japanese photographer
Naho Terashima (born 1993), Japanese ice hockey player
Reiko Terashima (born 1958), Japanese yonkoma manga artist and illustrator
Takuma Terashima (born 1983), Japanese voice actor
Terashima Munenori (1832–1893), diplomat in Meiji period Japan
Yoshi Terashima (born 1957), Japanese record producer and a leading music industry executive
Yū Terashima (born 1949), Japanese manga artist
