Taplin is a family name. People with the surname Taplin include:
Andrew Taplin Australian racing car driver
Bralon Taplin (born 1992), Grenadian sprinter
Cheryl Taplin (born 1972), American track and field athlete
Rev. George Taplin (1831–1879) Australian Congregationalist minister and anthropologist
John Ferguson Taplin (1914-2008) American businessman, repeated donor to Harvard Medical School
Jonathan Taplin (born 1947) American writer, film producer and scholar
Kim Taplin (born 1943), English poet and non-fiction writer.
Leonard Taplin (1895–1961) South Australian pilot during World War I who moved to Port Hedland, Western Australia
Mary-Ellen B. Taplin, research oncologist at Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital
Oliver Taplin FBA (1943– ) British academic and classicist
Walter Taplin (1910-1986) editor of The Spectator between 1953 and 1954
Rabbi Yisroel Taplin American Talmud scholar and author
