Tanahashi (written: 棚橋 or 棚桥) is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Haruhiko Tanahashi (棚桥 晴彦), Japanese automotive engineer
Hiroshi Tanahashi (棚橋 弘至, born 1976), Japanese professional wrestler
Kazuaki Tanahashi (棚橋 一晃, born 1933), Japanese calligrapher, Zen teacher, writer and translator
Shisui Tanahashi (棚橋 紫水, 1906–1991), Japanese photographer
Yasufumi Tanahashi (棚橋 泰文, born 1963), Japanese politician
Yusuke Tanahashi (棚橋 雄介, born 1987), Japanese footballer