Taipeh Prefecture (Chinese: 臺北府) was a Qing dynasty prefecture created from the northern part of Taiwan Prefecture, Qing-era Taiwan in 1875, while the island was still part of Fujian Province. It consisted of a region surrounding modern-day Taipei in northern Taiwan, including modern-day Hsinchu, Hsinchu County, Taoyuan City, New Taipei City, Taipei, Keelung, and Yilan County. The reorganization started after Imperial Commissioner Shen Pao-chen demanded that another prefecture be added in Taiwan to revamp the administrative organization of the northern area of the island. The walls of the prefecture capital were completed in 1884.
In 1885, work commenced to create an independent Taiwan Province and the provincial capital, which had formerly been in the south, was temporarily moved north to Taipeh (Taipei), which was under construction. In 1887, the province was declared and reorganized into four prefectures: Taipeh, Taiwan, Tainan, and Taitung. Taipeh Prefecture included the districts of Tamsui, Gilan (宜蘭縣), and Hsinchu (新竹縣), plus the sub-prefecture of Keelung (基隆廳). Due to multiple factors, the island's capital permanently remained at Taipeh-fu; modern-day Taipei carries on the name of this prefecture.
After Japanese rule began in 1895, most areas included in the prefecture (other than modern-day Hsinchu and Hsinchu County) were included in the new Taihoku Prefecture in 1920.