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The taille, also called the taille d'hautbois or the alto oboe, was a Baroque tenor oboe pitched in F. It had a straight body, an open bell, and two keys.
The instrument was first used in Alcidiane by Jean-Baptiste Lully in 1658 and in French ensembles known as the bandes de hautbois, in which it played the inner lines of polyphonic compositions. J.S. Bach was also to make use of it when a low pitched oboe was needed to double the viola parts in several of his cantatas, but almost exclusively in movements of a jubilant or otherwise loud nature due to its more piercing sound than that of the cor anglais.
Today, the taille is rare outside period ensembles, and a cor anglais is commonly substituted in performance. However, the period instrument movement has seen a revival of the taille, with a number of makers now producing reproductions of classic examples.
The term was also later applied to any instrument that played the tenor part in an orchestra.