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The Article 68 of the constitution of Uzbekistan defines:
The Republic of Uzbekistan shall consist of regions, districts, cities, towns, settlements, kishlaks and auls (villages) in Uzbekistan and the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
Uzbekistan is divided into twelve regions (viloyatlar, singular viloyat, compound noun viloyati e.g., Toshkent viloyati, Samarqand viloyati, etc.), one autonomous republic (respublika, compound noun respublikasi e.g. Qaraqalpaqstan Avtonom Respublikasi, Karakalpakistan Autonomous Republic), and one independent city (shahar, compound noun shahri, namely Toshkent shahri).
The regions and the republic are further divided into districts (Uzbek: tuman, туман) and cities of regional (republican) subordination. Tashkent city is divided into arrondissements. The districts of the regions and the republic are divided into cities of district subordination, urban-type settlements (Uzbek: shaharcha, шаҳарча) and citizen assemblies of villages (Uzbek: qishloq fuqarolar yig'ini, қишлоқ фуқаролар йиғини).
Pre 1991 history
For the history during Soviet time see: Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic#Subdivisions