Stanisław Aronson

Stanisław Aronson (nom de guerre "Rysiek") (born 1925 in Warsaw) is a Polish Jew and an Israeli citizen, as well as a former officer of the Polish Home Army (AK) with a rank of Lieutenant. He was also a member of the elite Kedyw unit, "Kolegium A", of the Warsaw Region of AK, a participant in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, and a Lieutenant Colonel of the Israeli Defense Force who took part in the Israeli War of Independence, the Yom Kippur War and the 1982 Lebanon War.

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Aronson's mother family came from Łódź. After the German invasion of Poland in 1939, they first moved from Łódź to Warsaw. After a few days, they decided to move further east to the Kresy, where near Równo their relatives owned some land. However, in the meantime the Soviet Union also invaded Poland as part of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Treaty between the Soviet Union and Nazi Germany, and the relatives were arrested by the NKVD and deported eastwards, deep within the Soviet Union. As a result, the family tried to unsuccessfully enter Lithuania, and then into Romania. Eventually they wound up in Soviet-occupied Lwow. According to Aronson, in Lwow, the Soviets pressured Poles, Ukrainians and Jews to sign up for the Komsomol but he personally refused.

After Operation Barbarossa, the German invasion of the Soviet Union began, German troops entered Lwow. This resulted in a series of pogroms beginning, and the Germans began transporting Jews out of the city. Despite the fact that the Aronson family had documents which listed them as Poles, they were forced to flee again. In the autumn of 1941 they arrived in the Warsaw Ghetto which in their view was a better place than the Nazi concentration camps that other Jews from Lwow were sent to.

During the liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto the whole family ended up on Umschlagplatz where they got separated. Stanisław never saw his family again. He himself was put on a transport to Auschwitz but managed to escape while the train was parked in the countryside near Warsaw. He spent the night hiding in a nearby chapel and then made his way to a nearby village. A local farmer gave him shelter, food and transportation to the nearby rail station. Aronson went back to Warsaw, where he made contact with Polish friends that lived on the "Aryan" side. They organized a hiding place for him and later, false documents in the name of "Ryszard Żurawski" (later Żukowski). Soon he was contacted by the Polish Home Army and asked to join the anti-Nazi resistance. He was member of selected Kedyw groups (patrole) carried out executions of Nazi collaborators and traitors sentenced by an underground courts. He also took part in the Warsaw Uprising of 1944.