Spiridonov (masculine) or Spiridonova (feminine) is a Slavic surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksey Spiridonov, (1951–1998), Soviet Russian hammer thrower
Aleksey Spiridonov, (born 1988), Russian volleyball player
Andrei Spiridonov, Kazakhstani ice hockey player
Ilia Spiridonov, (born 1998), Russian pairs figure skater
Julia Spiridonova – Yulka, (born 1972), Bulgarian novelist and screenwriter
Leonid Spiridonov, (born 1980), Kazakhstani sport wrestler
Maria Spiridonova, (1884–1941), Russian revolutionary and assassin
Maxim Spiridonov, (born 1978), Russian ice hockey player