Simonov (Russian: Си́монов), or Simonova (feminine; Си́монова), is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Ivan Simonov (1794–1855), Russian astronomer
Konstantin Simonov (1915–1979), Soviet poet
Kseniya Simonova (born 1985), Ukrainian artist
Mikhail Simonov (1929–2011), Russian aircraft designer
Nikolai Simonov (1901–1973), Soviet actor
Ruben Simonov (1899–1968), Soviet actor and film director
Sergei Gavrilovich Simonov (1894–1986), Soviet weapons designer
Sergei Sergeyevich Simonov (born 1983), Russian footballer
Yevgeniya Simonova (born 1955), Russian actress, People's Artist of Russia
Yuri Simonov (born 1941), Russian conductor