Simon's reagent is used as a simple spot-test to presumptively identify alkaloids as well as other compounds. It reacts with secondary amines like MDMA and methamphetamine to give a blue solution.
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Chemistry
The reagent is composed of a mixture of sodium nitroprusside, sodium carbonate and acetaldehyde, which is dripped onto the substance being tested. The amine and acetaldehyde produce the enamine, which subsequently reacts with sodium nitroprusside to the imine. Finally, the immonium salt is hydrolysed to the bright cobalt-blue Simon-Awe complex.
"Robadope" for detecting primary amines
Acetaldehyde can be replaced with acetone, in which case the reagent detects primary amines instead, giving a purple coloured product.
Uses
The primary use of this reagent is for detecting secondary amines, such as MDMA and methamphetamine, and is typically used after the mecke or marquis reagents to differentiate between the two mentioned and amphetamine or MDA.
Testing Method
The National Institute of Justice's method for producing the reagent is by creating two solutions and then adding them to the drug. Solution A: Dissolve 1 g of sodium nitroprusside in 50 mL of distilled water and add 2 mL of acetaldehyde to the solution with thorough mixing. Solution B: 2 percent sodium carbonate in distilled water. Procedure: Add 1 volume of solution A to the drug, followed by 2 volumes of solution B.