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Siglo XX (Spanish for "Twentieth Century") is a tin mine in Bolivia. It is located in the city of Llallagua in the province of Bustillos, Potosí Department. Along with the Catavi mine, it is part of a mining complex in the area.
It was acquired in the 1910s by Simón Iturri Patiño, who was dubbed the "King of Tin." It was the site of continual labor strife, and many of its workers were active in the Union Federation of Bolivian Mine Workers (FSTMB).
The mine was nationalized following the "Bolivian National Revolution" of 1952, when the Revolutionary Nationalist Movement (MNR) and its allies overthrew the military junta. Siglo XX and other mines were placed under the control of a new state agency, the Corporación Minera de Bolivia (COMIBOL). The Catavi-Siglo XX complex became the largest component of COMIBOL.
On June 24, 1967, government troops under the orders of General René Barrientos and a new military junta marched on the mine and committed the largest massacre of workers in Bolivian history. One witness and subsequent exile, Victor Montoya, put the casualties at twenty killed and seventy wounded. The incident was the basis for filmmaker Jorge Sanjinés's 1971 drama The Courage of the People.
In 1987, as part of an economic restructuring deal with the IMF and World Bank, the government shut down production at Siglo XX. Currently mining operations are undertaken by members of several large cooperatives who work independently or in small groups.