Senotherapeutics

Types

Senotherapeutics include:

1. Geroprotectors – agents/strategies which prevent or reverse the senescent state by preventing triggers of cellular senescence, such as DNA damage, oxidative stress, proteotoxic stress, telomere shortening (i.e. telomerase activators).
2. SASP inhibitors – agents interfering with pro-inflammatory senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP) production, including:
   1. Glucocorticoids as potent suppressors of selected components of the SASP
   2. Statins such as simvastatin, that can reduce the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1)
   3. JAK1/2 inhibitors such as ruxolitinib
   4. NF-κB and p38 inhibitors
   5. IL-1α blockers
   6. Mitochondrial depleters in the case of impaired mitophagy
3. Senolytics – small molecules that specifically induce cell death in senescent cells, targeting survival pathways and anti-apoptotic mechanisms, antibodies and antibody-mediated drug delivery medications.
4. Agents/strategies which can enhance immune clearance of senescent cells (an ageing immune system likely impairs senescent cell clearance leading to their accumulation), immune system cells (NK cells, B cells, T cells).
5. Gene therapy agents/strategies intended to edit the genes of the cells of an organism in order to increase their resistance to aging, senile diseases and to prolong the life of the organism