Schoenberg (German: beautiful mountain) is a surname. Notable persons with that surname include:
Arnold Schoenberg (1874–1951), Austrian-American composer
Claude-Michel Schoenberg (born 1944), French record producer, actor, singer, popular songwriter, and musical theatre composer
Gertrud Schoenberg (1898–1967), librettist and publisher, second wife of Arnold Schoenberg
Isaac Jacob Schoenberg (1903–1990), Romanian mathematician
Mario Schoenberg (1914–1990), Brazilian physicist
Michael Schoenberg (1939–2008), American geophysicist