Schilder is mainly a Dutch surname, meaning "painter". Notable people with the surname include:
Anny Schilder (born 1959), Dutch singer
Cornelius Schilder (born 1941), Dutch bishop
Franz Alfred Schilder (1896–1970), Austrian-German zoologist
Hilton Schilder (born 1959), South African musician
Kevin Schilder, video game composer
Klaas Schilder, Dutch theologian and professor
Maria Schilder (1898–1975), German zoologist
Henny Schilder (born 1984), Dutch footballer
Nicolaas "Nick" Maria Schilder (born 1983), Dutch singer-songwriter
Paul Ferdinand Schilder (1886–1940), Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalyst
Robbert Schilder (born 1986), Dutch footballer
