Schilder is mainly a Dutch surname, meaning "painter". Notable people with the surname include:
Anny Schilder (born 1959), Dutch singerCornelius Schilder (born 1941), Dutch bishopFranz Alfred Schilder (1896–1970), Austrian-German zoologistHilton Schilder (born 1959), South African musicianKevin Schilder, video game composerKlaas Schilder, Dutch theologian and professorMaria Schilder (1898–1975), German zoologistHenny Schilder (born 1984), Dutch footballerNicolaas "Nick" Maria Schilder (born 1983), Dutch singer-songwriterPaul Ferdinand Schilder (1886–1940), Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist and psychoanalystRobbert Schilder (born 1986), Dutch footballer