Sarma (Tibetan Buddhism)

In Tibetan Buddhism, the Sarma (Tibetan: གསར་མ, Wylie: gsar ma) or "New Translation" schools include the three newer (Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug) of the four main schools, comprising the following traditions and their sub-branches with their roots in the 11th century:

The Nyingma, a name contemporary to the emergence of the above schools in the 11th century, is the sole snga 'gyur (Tibetan: སྔ་འགྱུར།) "Old Translation" school and is often equated as originating with the widespread introduction of Buddhism to Tibet around the turn of the 8th century.