Samson can be either a masculine given name or a surname. It may refer to:
Given name:
Samson, the man of extraordinary strength in the Book of Judges in the Bible
Samson of Dol (c. 485-c. 565), British saint
Samson of Brechin (fl. 1150-1165), first known Bishop of Brechin, Scotland
Samson of Tottington (1135-1211), English Benedictine monk and Abbot of Bury St. Edmunds
Samson (bishop) (died 1112), chaplain to William the Conqueror, later Bishop of Worcester
Samson Makintsev (1776-1849), Russian-Iranian general
Samson Abramsky (born 1953), British computer scientist
Samson Kandie (born 1971), Kenyan long-distance runner
Samson Kitur (1966–2003), Kenyan middle-distance runner
Samson Lee, Welsh international rugby union player
Shimshon Brokman (born 1957), Israeli Olympic sailor
Shimshon Rozen (1952–2011), Israeli Air Force weapon systems officer and colonel
Surname:
Charles Rumney Samson (1883-1931), British air commodore and naval aviation pioneer
Craig Samson (born 1984), Scottish footballer
David Samson (rabbi) (born 1956), Orthodox rabbi
Edmé Samson (1810-1891), French possible forger of porcelain and pottery
Jerome Samson (born 1987), Canadian National Hockey League player for the Carolina Hurricanes
Michel Samson, Canadian politician
Paul Samson (1953-2002), British heavy metal guitarist
Polly Samson (born 1962), British novelist, songwriter and journalist
Stéphane Samson (born 1975), French footballer
Patronymic:
Sanju Samson (born 1994), Indian cricketer
