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Salix polaris

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Kingdom
  
Plantae

Family
  
Salicaceae

Scientific name
  
Salix polaris

Order
  
Malpighiales

Genus
  
Salix

Rank
  
Species

Salix polaris Salix polaris The Flora of Svalbard

Similar
  
Salix herbacea, Salix reticulata, Betula nana, Cassiope tetragona, Salix arctica

Salix polaris (polar willow) is a species of willow with a circumpolar distribution in the high arctic tundra, extending north to the limits of land, and south of the Arctic in the mountains of Norway, the northern Ural Mountains, the northern Altay Mountains, Kamchatka, and British Columbia, Canada.

Salix polaris httpsuploadwikimediaorgwikipediacommons44

Description

Salix polaris Salix polaris

One of the smallest willows in the world, it is a prostrate, creeping dwarf shrub, only 2–9 cm (0.79–3.54 in) high, and has underground branches or runners in the uppermost soil layers. The leaves are rounded-ovate, 5-32 mm long and 8-18 mm broad, dark green and have entire margins. It is dioecious, with separate female and male plants. The flowers are grouped in short catkins each bearing only a few flowers. The fruit is a brownish and hairy capsule. The long runners with freely-rooting stems creep in mats of mosses and lichens, which keeps them together and protects them from the wind. It grows as well in open gravel as in closed vegetation.

Salix polaris Salix polaris

Fossil remains of the species from the Pleistocene ice ages are known in Europe south to southern England, the Alps, and the Carpathians.

The species has also been reported from Arizona, but this is not accepted by the USDA.

Salix polaris FileSalix polaris IMG 3686 polarvier longyeardalenJPG Wikimedia

Salix polaris FileSalix polaris IMG 5657 polarvier reinsdyrflyaJPG Wikimedia

References

Salix polaris Wikipedia