Rybakov (masculine, Russian: Рыбаков) or Rybakova (feminine, Russian: Рыбаковa) is a Russian surname, which is derived from the Russian word "рыбак" (fisher, angler). Notable people with the surname include:
Anatoly Rybakov (1911–1998), Russian writer, author of Children of the Arbat and Heavy sand
Anatoly Rybakov (swimmer) (born 1956), Russian swimmer
Boris Rybakov (1908–2001), orthodox Soviet historian
Maria Rybakova (born 1973), Russian writer, granddaughter of Anatoly Rybakov
Viktor Rybakov (born 1956), boxer of the USSR
Vladimir Rybakov (born 1947), Russian writer, author of The Afghans and Creature
Vyacheslav Rybakov (born 1954), Russian science fiction writer and an orientalist
Yaroslav Rybakov (born 1980), Russian athlete
