The Russian Communist Workers' Party (in Russian: Российская Коммунистическая Рабочая Партия; transcription: Rossiiskaja Kommunističeskaja Rabočaja Partija or RKRP) was a communist party in Russia. It was established in November 1991 with the aim of resurrecting socialism and the USSR.
It published a newspaper called Trudovaja Rossija (Трудовая Россия; "Working People's Russia") and the journal Sovetskij Sojuz (Советский Союз; "Soviet Union").
In February 1993 it was one of a number of Bolshevik groups invited to a conference at which the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (KPRF) was established. However RKRP leader Viktor Anpilov joined with All-Union Communist Party Bolsheviks leader Nina Andreyeva in rejecting the KPRF as reformist and refused to join the new movement. However, despite Anpilov's stance much of the party's membership, including the entirety of the organisation in RKRP stronghold Kemerovo, defected to the KPRF soon after its establishment.
The party was one of a number of groups barred from taking part in the 1993 Duma elections because they were linked, or perceived to be linked, to the October insurgency of that same year.
In October 2001 it merged with the Russian Party of Communists to form the Russian Communist Workers' Party – Revolutionary Party of Communists.