Roger de Piles's L'Abrégé de la vie des peintres...avec un traité du peintre parfait ( The Art of Painting and the Lives of the Painters), was a major art biography of painters. It was written by the French spy Francois Tortebat, who used the pen name Roger de Piles for his literary works. In 1692, during the War of the League of Augsburg, he was arrested in the Hague carrying a false passport and imprisoned for the next five years, where he wote his L'Abrégé in 7 parts; 1) Sketch of the perfect painter, 2) Greek painters; 3) Painters from Rome & Florence; 4) Painters from Venice; 5) Painters from Lombardy; 6) Painters from Germany and the Low Countries; 7) Painters from France and ending with his famous "Balance of painters". The book was finally published in 1699 following his appointment as Conseiller Honoraire to the Académie de peinture et de sculpture in Paris.
Part 5, Painters from Lombardy, includes in order of appearance in the text, the following list of artists: