Research spin off

A research spin-off is a company that falls into at least one of the four following categories:

1. Companies that have an Equity investment from a national library or university
2. Companies that license technology from a public research institute or university
3. Companies that consider a university or public sector employee to have been a founder
4. Companies that have been established directly by a public research institution

The two main research spin-off models in Russia are those developed from the Institutes of the Academy of Science and Svetlana. QinetiQ is an example of a research spin-off in the United Kingdom.