Rebane is an Estonian surname meaning "fox". Notable people with the surname include:
Alfons Rebane (1908–1976), Estonian military commanderBill Rebane (born 1937), Estonian-born American film director, producer, screenwriter, and authorHans Rebane (1882–1961), Estonian politician, diplomat, former Minister of Foreign AffairsKarl Rebane (1926–2007), Estonian physicistLjubov Rebane (1929–1991), Estonian physicistPeeter Rebane (born 1973), Estonian film producer and director and entrepreneurRaul Rebane (born 1953), Estonian journalist and communication consultant