The Randolph outrage is the act of pulling someone else's nose in order to insult him. This was sometimes used as a way to provoke a challenge to a duel.
The expression comes from an incident in 1833 when a dismissed lieutenant, Robert Beverly Randolph, tried to pull the nose of US President Andrew Jackson. The incident occurred during the president's visit to Randolph's hometown, Fredericksburg, Virginia. Jackson had earlier dismissed Randolph from the Navy for being in debt.
References
Randolph outrage Wikipedia(Text) CC BY-SA