Rajapaksa or Rajapakse is a Sinhalese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Basil Rajapaksa, Sri Lankan politician
Bhanuka Rajapaksa (born 1991), Sri Lankan cricketer
Chamal Rajapaksa (born 1942), Sri Lankan politician
D. A. Rajapaksa (1905–1967), Ceylonese politician
D. M. Rajapaksa, Ceylonese politician
Dayan Rajapakse (born 1972), Sri Lankan physician
George Rajapaksa (born 1926), Ceylonese politician
Gotabhaya Rajapaksa (born 1949), Sri Lankan army officer
Lakshman Rajapaksa (born 1905), Ceylonese politician
Lalitha Rajapakse (1900–1976), Ceylonese lawyer and politician
Mahinda Rajapaksa (born 1945), Sri Lankan politician
Morris Rajapaksa (died 1995), Sri Lankan politician
Namal Rajapaksa (born 1986), Sri Lankan politician
Nimal Rajapakshe, Canadian academic
Nirupama Rajapaksa (born 1962), Sri Lankan politician
Shasheendra Rajapaksa, Sri Lankan politician
Shiranthi Rajapaksa, Sri Lankan former first lady
Shyamlal Rajapaksa (1966–2009), Sri Lankan lawyer
Somaratne Rajapakse, Sri Lankan soldier
Suranimala Rajapaksha (born 1949), Sri Lankan politician
Wijeyadasa Rajapakshe (born 1959), Sri Lankan lawyer and politician