Provoost is a surname, and may refer to:
Jan Provoost (1465–1529), Flemish painter
Samuel Provoost (1742–1815), third Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Church, USA
Anne Provoost (born 1964), Belgian author
William Provoost (aka 'Guilliame Provoost') (fl. 1556–1607), Protestant in Antwerp who fled religious persecution and his descendants settled in New Amsterdam (now New York) in the early 1600s
