Prokofiev (also spelled Prokofeev and Prokof'ev) is a Russian (Проко́фьев) and Ukrainian (Прокоф'єв) surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Alexander Prokofyev (1900–1971), Soviet poet
Aleksander Prokofiev (1942—2007), Russian ballet dancer, teacher and choreographer
Andrey Prokofyev (1959–1989), Soviet athlete
Gabriel Prokofiev, England-based composer and music producer
Georgy Prokofiev (1902–1939), Soviet balloonist
Oleg Prokofiev (1928–1998), Russian artist, sculptor and poet, son of the composer Sergei Prokofiev
Pavel Prokofiev, birth name of Pavel Prokkonen (1909–1979), Karelian Soviet politician.
Sergei Prokofiev, Russian composer
Sergei Prokofieff (born 1954), Russian anthroposophist
Sergei Prokofyev (footballer) (born 1995), Russian footballer
Stanislav Prokofyev (born 1987), Russian footballer
