Primeau is a surname of French origin meaning prime or first or cousin. Variations include Primeaux, Primo, Premo, Promo. The name refers to:
Charles Primeau (1814 St Louis MO - 1897 Fort Yates, Standing Rock Sioux Reservation) fur trader on the Missouri River, clerk, bourgeois of Fort Pierre, 1882 treaty Lakota interpreter
Joe Primeau (1906–1989), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Keith Primeau (born 1971), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Kevin Primeau (born 1955), Canadian professional ice hockey player
Louis Primeau (c. 1777), Canadian fur trader
Lesley Primeau, radio personality on 630 CHED in Edmonton
Paul Primeau (Primo) (1776 Châteauguay, Québec – 1851 St Louis), French-Canadian engagé on the first leg of the Lewis and Clark Expedition up to the Mandan, father of Charles.
Pierre Primeau (P. X. Promo/Premo) (born 1770 Châteauguay), French-Canadian engagé on the Missouri River and 1825 treaty Ponca interpreter, brother of Paul, father of Antoine aka Lone Chief, chief of the Ponca mixedbloods.
Verdell Primeaux (Yankton Dakota/Ponca), singer of harmonized Native American Church (peyote) songs, with Johnny Mike (Diné)
Wayne Primeau (born 1976), Canadian professional ice hockey player