Pozdnyakov (masculine, Russian: Поздняков) or Pozdnyakova (feminine, Russian: Поздняков), also transliterated as Pozdniakov, is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Anastasia Pozdniakova (born 1985), Russian diver
Anatoly Pozdnyakov (died 2001), Russian general
Boris Pozdnyakov (born 1962), Russian football player
Irina Pozdnyakova (born 1953), Russian swimmer
Stanislav Pozdnyakov (born 1973), Russian fencer
Tatyana Pozdnyakova (born 1955), Ukrainian Soviet long-distance runner
Vasily Pozdnyakov (1869-1921), Russian conscientious objector and author
Vyacheslav Pozdnyakov (born 1978), Russian fencer
