Polyakov, Poliakov, Poliakoff (Russian: Поляко́в, Ukrainian: Поляко́в, Hebrew: פוליאקוב, Belarusian: Палякоў), or Polyakova, Polyakova (feminine; Поляко́ва) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksei Poliakov (born 1974), Russian/Uzbek goalkeeperAlexander Dmitriyevich Polyakov (born 1959), Russian diplomatAlexander Markovich Polyakov (born 1945), Russian/American physicistAnatoly Polyakov (born 1980), Russian swimmerDmitri Polyakov (1921–1988), Soviet General and a spy for the CIADzyanis Palyakow (born 1991), Belarusian footballerElena Polyakova (born 1981), Russian ultramarathon runnerElla Polyakova (born 1941), Russian human rights activistIgor Polyakov (1912–2008), Soviet rowerIvan Alexeyevich Polyakov (1886–1969), Russian Cossack military leaderLazar Polyakov (1843–1914), Russian entrepreneurLéon Poliakov (1910–1997), French historianMaria Palyakova (born 1974), Ukrainian volleyball playerMaria Polyakova (born 1997), Russian diverMykola Polyakov (born 1946), Ukrainian scientistOleg Polyakov (born 1990), Russian footballerSamuel Polyakov (1837–1888), Russian businessmanSergei Polyakov (born 1968), Russian sport shooter, silver olympic medalistSergey Polyakov (born 1951), Russian-American scientistValeri Polyakov (born 1942), Russian cosmonaut, Hero of the Soviet Union and Hero of RussiaVeronika Polyakova (born 1999), Russian rhythmic gymnastViktor Polyakov (born 1981), Ukrainian boxerVlad Polyakov (born 2002), Land WalkerVladimir Polyakov (born 1960), retired Soviet/Russian pole vaulterVladislav Polyakov (born 1983), Kazakhstani swimmerYevgeni Viktorovich Polyakov (born 1980), Russian footballerYevgeni Yuryevich Polyakov (born 1988), Russian footballerYevgeniya Polyakova (born 1983), Russian sprinterYisrael Poliyakov (1941–2007), Israeli comedian and actorYael PoliakovYuriy Polyakov (born 1980), Russian-American scientistPolyakov family (Russian: Поляковы, Hebrew: משפחת פוליאקוב)Samuel PolyakovLazar PolyakovYakov Polyakov