Peter Rowe (died c. 1403) was an Irish judge who held the office of Lord Chief Justice of Ireland from 1388 to 1397.
Elrington Ball stated that he was born in Ireland, to a family which was of English origin, but which had long been settled in Ireland. According to MacLysaght the name Rowe, or Roe, has several different origins in Ireland, some Gaelic and some English, and is mainly associated with Waterford. He was in England, probably qualifying as a barrister, in 1377. He had returned to Ireland before 1380, and held office as King's Serjeant from 1381 to 1387. He was appointed Lord Chief Justice in September 1388 with custody of the Great Seal of Ireland. He was removed from office in 1395, briefly restored, and finally dismissed from office in 1397. He died before 1403/4, when his widow remarried Sir Jenico d'Artois.
There is a brief glimpse of his career in the Close Rolls of Richard II, in a case in which the English Crown had an interest, since the feudal overlord of the lands in question was the King's cousin Edmund Mortimer, then a royal ward. Two citizens of Dublin, Richard Dunart and Thomas Cusack, each claimed an estate in certain of the Mortimer lands at Trim, County Meath. Rowe, who as Lord Chief Justice presided over the hearing, was commanded to "do justice according to the laws and customs of Ireland".
He married Joan Taaffe, daughter of Sir Nicholas Taaffe of Liscarton Castle, County Meath. They had at least one son, Nicholas, who inherited Liscarton from his mother. Joan married secondly the leading military commander, statesman and landowner Sir Jenico d'Artois (died 1426), a native of Gascony, by whom she had at least more two children, Sir Jenico d'Artois the younger and Jane, Lady Gormanston.