A person-affecting or person-based view (also called person-affecting restriction) in population ethics captures the intuition that an act can only be bad if it is bad for someone. Similarly something can be good only if it is good for someone. Therefore, according to standard person-affecting views, there is no moral obligation to create people nor moral good in creating people because nonexistence means "there is never a person who could have benefited from being created". Whether one accepts person-affecting views greatly influences to what extent shaping the far future is important (since there may be greatly more humans existing in the future than has ever existed). Person-affecting views are also important in considering human population control.
A weaker form of person-affecting views states that an act can only be bad if it is bad for some existing or future person.
Person-affecting views can be seen as a revision of total utilitarianism in which the "scope of the aggregation" is changed from all individuals who would exist to a subset of those individuals (namely those individuals who already exist).
Some philosophers who have discussed person-affecting views include Derek Parfit, John Broome, Larry Temkin, Gustaf Arrhenius, Nick Beckstead, and Hilary Greaves.
Variants
There is no single "person-affecting view" but rather a variety of formulations all involving the idea of something being good or bad for someone.